Cow manure commonly sold as "steer manure" but may be collected from dairy herds. Modern day "steer manure" that is collected from animals in the tight quarters of feed lots may have a high salt content. Some tests on bagged steer manure showed that it contained from 5 to 9 percent soluble salt content by dry weight. If applied heavily, that's enough salt to stunt or even kill plants. Manure collected from outdoor stock yards where the rain has had a chance to leach it out contains fewer salts and is preferable.

This Canadian grow room uses Supernatural Grow Bags in an organic soil and nutrients. Although not technically hydroponic, it uses an overhead hydroponic irrigation system.

Beautiful Snow Ball bud is always a hit in organic gardens!

The average nutrient content of cow manure ranges from 0.6-0.3-0.3 to 2-1-1 and also includes a full range of trace elements.

Fish meal, a solid by-product of the fishing industry, is made from dried fish that is ground into a meal. It is rich in nitrogen (about 8 percent) and contains around 7 percent phosphoric acid and many trace elements. It has an unpleasant odor and good ventilation is necessary indoors. Always store in an air tight container so that it will not attract cats, dogs, and flies. Use in a tea mix.

Fish emulsion, a liquid by-product of the fishing industry, is an inexpensive soluble liquid high in organic nitrogen, trace elements, and some phosphorus and potassium. This natural fertilizer is more difficult to over-apply and is immediately available to plants. Fish emulsion may be diluted with water, made into a tea and used as a foliar spray, but may clog small nozzles if mixed too rich. To prevent clogging, strain after mixing. Even deodorized fish emulsion smells.

Bat Guano consists of the droppings and remains of bats. It is rich in soluble nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace elements. The limited supply of this fertilizer and the expense of collection make it somewhat expensive. Mined in sheltered caves, guano dries with minimal decomposition. Newer deposits contain high levels of nitrogen and are capable of burning if applied too heavily. The more popular older deposits are high in phosphorus and make an excellent fertilizer for flowering plants. Bat guano is usually powdery and diluted in a tea or used as a foliar spray. Do not breathe the dust when handling; it can cause nausea and irritation.

Sea Bird Guano is high in nitrogen and other nutrients. The Humboldt Current along the coast of Peru and northern Chile keeps rain to a minimum and, therefore, decomposition of the bird guano is minimal. The guano is scraped off the rocks of arid sea islands. The average dose for garden use is 1 tablespoon per gallon of water. Guano is also collected from many coastlines around the world.

Horse manure is readily available from horse stables and race tracks. Horse manure should be composted for two months or more to kill weed seeds. The nutrient content of horse manure is: N - 0.6%, P - 0.6%, K - 0.4%, and a full range of trace elements. Use in a tea mix.

Rabbit manure is also excellent fertilizer but is difficult to find in large quantities. Use rabbit manure as you would chicken manure.

Seaweed meal or kelp meal is harvested from the ocean or picked up along beaches, cleansed of salty water, dried, and ground into a powdery meal. It contains potassium (potash), numerous trace elements, vitamins, amino acids, and plant hormones. The nutrient content varies according to the type of kelp and its growing conditions.

Hydro-organic flood systems require very little maintenance. The nutrient solution floods in from below and is absorbed by roots in 2-3 days.

This savvy grower filled in the entire growing bed with containers, since there is less maintenance with an organic flood system garden.

Seaweed (liquid) contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, plant hormones, and all necessary trace elements in a chelated form (water-soluble). Mix in a fertilizer tea. Apply a dilute solution as a foliar spray for a quick cure of nutrient deficiencies. Liquid seaweed is also great for soaking seeds, and for dipping cuttings before planting.

Swine manure has a high nutrient content but is slower acting and wetter than cow and horse manure. The average nutrient content is 0.6-0.6-0.4 with a full range of trace elements.

Wood ashes (hardwood) supply up to 10 percent potash and softwood ashes contain about 5 percent. Potash leaches rapidly, so collect ash soon after burning and store in a dry place.

Worm castings are the digested humus excreted by earthworms and contain varying amounts of N-P-K. They are an excellent source of non-burning, readily available nitrogen. Worm castings also promote fertility and soil structure. Mix in a fertilizer tea blend.

Zoo Doo, a fertilizer made from the composted manure and bedding from grazing animals at city zoos. The best and most abundant zoo manure, found in the elephant cages, is similar to cow manure in nutrient content. If you get fresh manure from a zoo, compost it until it has heated and cooled to keep weed seeds from sprouting and to keep it from burning plants when it is applied.

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